内燃机之死(3)
9 Meanwhile, a scramble for lithium is under way.The price of lithium carbonate has risen from $4,000 a tonne in 2011 to more than $14, for cobalt and rare-earth elements for electric motors is also is used not just to power cars: utilities want giant batteries to store energy when demand is slack and release it as it all this make lithium-rich Chile the new Saudi Arabia? Not exactly, because electric cars do not consume it; old lithium-ion batteries from cars can be reused in power grids, and then recycled.
9 同时,对锂的争夺也在展开。碳酸锂的价格已经从2011年的每吨4000 美元升至如今的超过1.4 万美元。电动机必备的钴和稀土元素的需求也在飙升。锂不仅可以用于为汽车供电:电力公司希望在用电低谷时利用巨型电池存储电能,在用电高峰时释放电能。这一切是否会使富含锂资源的智利成为新的沙特阿拉伯?未必,因为电动车并不会消耗锂,车上用过的锂离子电池可以在电网中重复使用,然后回收再利用。
10 The internal combustion engine has had a good run—and could still dominate shipping and aviation for decades to come.But on land electric motors will soon offer freedom and convenience more cheaply and the switch to electric cars reverses the trend in the rich world towards falling electricity consumption, policymakers will need to help, by ensuring that there is enough generating may need to be the midwives to new rules and standards for public recharging stations, and the recycling of batteries,rare-earth motors and other components in “urban mines”.And they will have to cope with the turmoil as old factory jobs disappear.
10 内燃机曾经大行其道,并且未来几十年仍会主导水运和空运领域。但在陆上,电动机很快会让人们自由享受更廉价、清洁的便利出行。转向电动汽车会扭转发达世界减少电力消耗的趋势,所以政策制定者需要确保有足够的发电能力加以推动。他们可能需要为公共充电站的建设,以及电池、稀土发动机和其他“城市矿藏”的循环利用,推动制定新的规则和标准。他们还将不得不应对旧工厂岗位取消带来的社会动荡。
11 Driverless electric cars in the 21st century are likely to improve the world in profound and unexpected ways, just as vehicles powered by internal combustion engines did in the 20th.But it will be a bumpy up.■
11 就像20世纪内燃机驱动的汽车那样,21世纪的无人驾驶电动车将会以深远且无法预知的方式让这个世界变得更好。但前路坎坷,请系好安全带。□
文章来源:《小型内燃机与车辆技术》 网址: http://www.xxnrjycljs.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0730/1154.html